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NUCLEAR FAMILY 19769

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

 

..................

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
R
=
9
-
7
RAINBOW
82
37
1
L
=
3
-
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
-
-
14
-
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
9
-
-
1+4
-
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
-
Q
-
5
-
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THIS IS THE SCENE OF THE SCENE UNSEEN

THE UNSEEN SEEN OF THE SCENE UNSEEN THIS IS THE SCENE

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
9
HUMANKIND
95
41
5
18
First Total
189
90
18
1+8
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
9+0
1+8
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE DIVINE COMEDY

OF

DANTE ALIGHIERI (1265-1321)

THE FLORENTINE

CANTICA I

HELL

(L'INFERNO)

INTRODUCTION

Page 9

"Midway this way of life we're bound upon

I woke to find myself in a dark wood,

Where the right road was wholly lost and gone."

 

 

M
=
4
-
6
MIDWAY
75
30
3
T
=
2
-
4
THIS
56
20
2
W
=
5
-
3
WAY
49
13
4
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
L
=
3
-
4
LIFE
32
23
5
W
=
5
-
4
WE'RE
51
24
6
B
=
2
-
5
BOUND
56
20
2
U
=
3
-
4
UPON
66
21
3
-
-
30
-
32
-
406
163
28
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
W
=
5
-
4
WOKE
54
18
9
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
F
=
6
-
4
FIND
33
24
6
M
=
4
-
6
MYSELF
80
26
8
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
D
=
4
-
4
DARK
34
16
7
W
=
5
-
4
WOOD
57
21
3
-
-
45
-
28
-
326
137
56
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
-
5
WHERE
59
32
5
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
R
=
9
-
5
RIGHT
62
35
8
R
=
9
-
4
ROAD
38
20
2
W
=
5
-
3
WAS
43
7
7
W
=
5
-
6
WHOLLY
95
32
5
L
=
3
-
4
LOST
66
12
3
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
G
=
7
-
4
GONE
41
23
5
-
-
46
-
37
-
456
186
42
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
121
-
97
First Total
1188
486
126
-
-
1+2+1
-
9+7
Add to Reduce
1+1+8+8
4+8+6
1+2+6
Q
-
4
-
16
Second Total
18
18
9
-
-
-
-
1+6
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
1+8
-
-
-
4
-
7
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE DIVINE COMEDY

OF

DANTE ALIGHIERI (1265-1321)

THE FLORENTINE

CANTICA I

HELL

(L'INFERNO)

INTRODUCTION

Page 9

"Power failed high fantasy here; yet, swift to move

Even as a wheel moves equal, free from jars,

Already my heart and will were wheeled by love,

The Love that moves the sun and other stars."

 

P
=
7
-
5
POWER
77
32
5
F
=
6
-
6
FAILED
37
28
1
H
=
8
-
4
HIGH
32
32
5
F
=
6
-
7
FANTASY
86
23
5
H
=
8
-
4
HERE
36
27
9
Y
=
7
-
3
YET
50
14
5
S
=
1
-
5
SWIFT
77
23
5
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
M
=
4
-
4
MOVE
55
19
1
-
-
49
-
40
First Total
485
206
44
-
-
4+9
-
4+0
Add to Reduce
4+8+5
2+0+6
4+4
Q
-
13
-
4
Second Total
17
8
8
-
-
1+3
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+7
-
-
-
-
4
-
4
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

E
=
5
-
4
EVEN
46
19
1
A
=
1
-
2
AS
20
2
2
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
W
=
5
-
5
WHEEL
53
26
8
M
=
4
-
5
MOVES
74
20
2
E
=
5
-
5
EQUAL
56
20
2
F
=
6
-
4
FREE
34
25
7
F
=
6
-
4
FROM
52
25
7
J
=
1
-
4
JARS
48
12
3
-
-
34
-
34
First Total
384
150
33
-
-
3+4
-
3+4
Add to Reduce
3+8+4
1+5+0
3+3
Q
-
7
-
7
Second Total
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+5
-
-
-
-
7
-
7
Essence of Number
6
6
6

 

 

A
=
1
-
7
ALREADY
66
30
3
M
=
4
-
2
MY
38
11
2
H
=
8
-
5
HEART
52
25
7
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
W
=
5
-
4
WILL
56
20
2
W
=
5
-
4
WERE
51
24
7
W
=
5
-
7
WHEELED
62
35
8
B
=
2
-
2
BY
27
9
9
L
=
3
-
4
LOVE
54
18
9
-
-
34
-
38
First Total
425
182
47
-
-
3+4
-
3+8
Add to Reduce
4+2+5
1+8+2
4+7
Q
-
7
-
11
Second Total
11
11
11
-
-
-
-
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+1
1+1
1+1
-
-
7
-
2
Essence of Number
2
2
2

 

 

T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
L
=
3
-
4
LOVE
54
18
9
T
=
2
-
4
THAT
49
13
4
M
=
4
-
5
MOVES
74
20
2
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
S
=
1
-
3
SUN
54
9
9
A
=
1
-
3
AND
19
10
1
O
=
6
-
5
OTHER
66
30
3
S
=
1
-
5
STARS
77
14
5
-
-
22
-
35
First Total
459
144
45
-
-
2+2
-
3+5
Add to Reduce
4+5+9
1+4+4
4+5
Q
-
4
-
8
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
4
-
8
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
4
HOLY
60
24
6
7
MESSAGE
-
-
-
2
M+E
18
9
9
1
S
19
10
1
3
S+A+G
27
18
9
1
E
5
5
5
7
MESSAGE
69
42
24
14
Add
162
81
36
1+4
Reduce
1+6+2
8+1
3+6
5
Deduce
9
9
9

 

 

THE

FAR YONDER SCRIBE

AND OFT TIMES SHADOWED SUBSTANCES WATCHED IN FINE AMAZE

THE

ZED ALIZ ZED

IN SWIFT REPEAT SCATTER STAR DUST AMONGST THE LETTERS OF THEIR PROGRESS

AT THE THROW OF THE NINTH NUMBER WHEN IN CONJUNCTION SET

THE

FAR YONDER SCRIBE

MADE RECORD OF THEIR FALL

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
-
5
ADDED
18
18
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
-
2
TO
35
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
A
=
1
-
3
ALL
25
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
5
MINUS
76
22
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
-
4
NONE
48
21
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
6
SHARED
55
28
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
2
BY
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
-
10
EVERYTHING
133
61
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
M
=
4
-
10
MULTIPLED
121
49
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
-
2
IN
23
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
9
ABUNDANCE
65
29
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
35
-
58
First Total
626
266
59
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
14
8
18
-
-
3+5
-
5+8
Add to Reduce
6+2+6
2+6+6
5+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+8
-
-
8
-
13
Second Total
14
14
10
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+3
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
4
Essence of Number
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
8
5
6
5
8
9

 

ADVENT 2217 ADVENT

 

-
-
-
-
15
THE SWORD OF WORDS
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
S
=
1
-
5
SWORD
79
25
7
O
=
6
-
2
OF
21
12
3
W
=
5
-
5
WORDS
79
25
7
-
-
14
-
15
THE SWORD OF WORDS
212
77
23
-
-
1+4
-
1+5
-
2+1+2
7+7
2+3
-
-
5
-
6
THE SWORD OF WORDS
5
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
5
-
6
THE SWORD OF WORDS
5
5
5

 

 

A

MAZE

IN

ZAZAZA ENTER AZAZAZ

AZAZAZAZAZAZAZZAZAZAZAZAZAZA

ZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZAZ

THE

MAGICALALPHABET

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262625242322212019181716151413121110987654321

 

 

WORK DAYS OF GOD

Herbert W Morris D.D.circa 1883

Page 22

"As all the words in the English language are composed out of the twenty-six letters of the alphabet,.."

 

 

LIGHT AND LIFE

Lars Olof Bjorn 1976

Page 197

"By writing the 26 letters of the alphabet in a certain order one may put down almost any message (this book 'is written with the same letters' as the Encyclopaedia Britannica and Winnie the Pooh, only the order of the letters differs). In the same way Nature is able to convey with her language how a cell and a whole organism is to be constructed and how it is to function. Nature has succeeded better than we humans; for the genetic code there is only one universal language which is the same in a man, a bean plant and a bacterium."

"BY WRITING THE 26 LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET IN A CERTAIN ORDER

ONE MAY PUT DOWN ALMOST ANY MESSAGE"

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1+0
1+1
1+2
1+3
1+4
1+5
1+6
1+7
1+8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
I
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
9
1+9
2+0
2+1
2+2
2+3
2+4
2+5
2+6
ME
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
 =
=
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
9
18
9
18
9
18
9
18
9
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
1+8
=
=
9
=
9
=
9
=
9
=
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
I
ME
1

 

 

"BY WRITING THE 26 LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET IN A CERTAIN ORDER

ONE MAY PUT DOWN ALMOST ANY MESSAGE"

 

 

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
1+1
1+2
1+3
1+4
1+5
1+6
1+7
1+8
1+9
2+0
2+1
2+2
2+3
2+4
2+5
2+6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

 

 

A

HISTORY OF GOD

Karen Armstrong

The God of the Mystics

Page 250

"There is no attempt to describe the creative process realistically; the account is unashamedly symbolic and shows God creating the world by means of language as though he were writing a book. But language has been entirely transformed and the message of creation is no longer clear. Each letter of the Hebrew alphabet is given a numerical value; by combining the letters with the sacred numbers, rearranging them in endless configurations, the mystic weaned his mind away from the normal connotations of words."  

 

THIS IS THE SCENE OF THE SCENE UNSEEN

THE UNSEEN SEEN OF THE SCENE UNSEEN THIS IS THE SCENE

 

3
THE
33
15
6
4
MIND
40
22
4
2
OF
21
12
3
9
HUMANKIND
95
41
5
18
First Total
189
90
18
1+8
Add to Reduce
1+8+9
9+0
1+8
9
Second Total
18
9
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
9
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

THE

FAR YONDER SCRIBE

AND OFT TIMES SHADOWED SUBSTANCES WATCHED IN FINE AMAZE

THE

ZED ALIZ ZED

IN

SWIFT REPEAT SCATTER STAR DUST AMONGST THE LETTERS OF THEIR PROGRESS

 

 

NUMBER

9

THE SEARCH FOR THE SIGMA CODE

Cecil Balmond 1998

Cycles and Patterns

Page 165

Patterns

"The essence of mathematics is to look for patterns.

Our minds seem to be organised to search for relationships and sequences. We look for hidden orders.

These intuitions seem to be more important than the facts themselves, for there is always the thrill at finding something, a pattern, it is a discovery - what was unknown is now revealed. Imagine looking up at the stars and finding the zodiac!

Searching out patterns is a pure delight.

Suddenly the counters fall into place and a connection is found, not necessarily a geometric one, but a relationship between numbers, pictures of the mind, that were not obvious before. There is that excitement of finding order in something that was otherwise hidden.

And there is the knowledge that a huge unseen world lurks behind the facades we see of the numbers themselves."

 

 

-
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
3
THE
33
15
6
7
RAINBOW
82
37
1
5
LIGHT
56
29
2
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
9
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
-
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

 

15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
-
-
-
-
THE
33
15
6
-
R
18
9
9
-
A
1
1
1
-
I
9
9
9
-
N+B+O+W
54
18
9
-
L
12
3
3
-
I
9
9
9
-
G+H+T
35
17
8
15
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
171
81
54
1+5
-
1+7+1
8+1
5+4
6
THE RAINBOW LIGHT
9
9
9

 

THE LIGHT IS RISING RISING IS THE LIGHT

 

 

26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
-
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
14
15
-
-
-
19
-
-
-
-
24
-
26
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
-
7
-
7
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
1
2
3
4
-
-
7
8
9
-
2
3
4
5
-
7
-
+
=
83
8+3
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
-
-
10
11
12
13
-
-
16
17
18
-
20
21
22
23
-
25
-
+
=
236
2+3+6
=
11
1+1
2
-
2
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
+
=
351
3+5+1
=
9
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
+
=
126
1+2+6
=
9
-
9
-
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
-
3
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
-
6
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
-
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
+
=
4
occurs
x
3
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
+
=
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
+
=
6
occurs
x
3
=
18
1+8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
+
=
7
occurs
x
3
=
21
2+1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
45
-
-
26
-
126
-
54
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+5
-
-
2+6
-
1+2+6
-
5+4
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
26
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
-
-
9
-
-
8
-
9
-
9

 

 

ADVENT 830 ADVENT

 

RE, AMUN
THE, BOOK, OF, WHAT, IS, IN, THE, DUAT
THE BOOK OF WHAT IS IN THE DUAT
BEN BEN
BEN BEN STONE
PENIS, SPINE
PENIS, VIAGRA, R, N, VAGINA
VIAGRA, VAGINA, V-AGAIN
PENIS, VAGINA
PENIS VAGINA
HEADS, OR, TAILS
HEADS, I, WIN, TAILS, YOU, LOSE
KARL, MARX
HEGEL
CUBA, FIDEL CASTRO
CUBA, CUBA, C,U,B,A
ENIGMA, IMAGE, N, ENIGMA
IMAGES
NEMO, OMEN
TALITHA CUMI
CAUSE, AND, EFFECT
TIME, TIE, ME, KANGAROO, DOWN, SPORT
RADIANCE, I, RA, DANCE

 

 

2
RE
23
14
5
4
AMUN
49
13
4
6
Add to Reduce
72
27
9
-
Reduce to Deduce
7+2
2+7
-
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

T
=
2
3
THE
33
15
6
B
=
2
4
BOOK
43
16
7
O
=
6
2
OF
21
12
3
W
=
5
4
WHAT
52
16
7
I
=
9
2
IS
28
10
1
I
=
9
2
IN
23
14
5
T
=
2
3
THE
33
15
6
D
=
4
4
DUAT
46
10
1
-
-
39
24
First Total
279
108
36
-
-
3+9
2+4
Add to Reduce
2+7+9
1+0+8
3+6
Q
-
12
6
Second Total
18
9
9
-
-
1+2
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
-
-
-
-
3
6
Essence of Number
9
9
9

 

 

-
24
T
H
E
-
B
O
O
K
-
O
F
-
W
H
A
T
-
I
S
-
I
N
-
T
H
E
-
D
U
A
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
6
6
-
-
6
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
1
-
9
5
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
66
6+6
=
12
1+2
3
-
3
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
15
15
-
-
15
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
9
19
-
9
14
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
120
1+2+0
=
3
-
3
-
3
-
24
T
H
E
-
B
O
O
K
-
O
F
-
W
H
A
T
-
I
S
-
I
N
-
T
H
E
-
D
U
A
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
6
-
5
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
5
-
4
3
1
2
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
-
6
-
6
-
-
20
-
5
-
2
-
-
11
-
-
6
-
23
-
1
20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
-
5
-
4
21
1
20
+
=
159
1+5+9
=
15
1+5
6
-
6
-
24
T
H
E
-
B
O
O
K
-
O
F
-
W
H
A
T
-
I
S
-
I
N
-
T
H
E
-
D
U
A
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
8
5
-
2
15
15
11
-
15
6
-
23
8
1
20
-
9
19
-
9
14
-
20
8
5
-
4
21
1
20
+
=
279
2+7+9
=
18
1+8
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
2
6
6
2
-
6
6
-
5
8
1
2
-
9
1
-
9
5
-
2
8
5
-
4
3
1
2
+
=
108
1+0+8
=
9
=
9
-
9
-
24
T
H
E
-
B
O
O
K
-
O
F
-
W
H
A
T
-
I
S
-
I
N
-
T
H
E
-
D
U
A
T
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
-
3
-
``-
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
occurs
x
6
=
12
1+2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
4
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
6
-
-
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
4
=
24
2+4
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
3
=
24
2+4
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
7
24
T
H
E
-
B
O
O
K
-
O
F
-
W
H
A
T
-
I
S
-
I
N
-
T
H
E
-
D
U
A
T
-
-
38
-
-
24
-
108
-
36
-
2+4
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
3+8
-
-
2+4
-
1+0+8
-
3+6
7
6
T
H
E
-
B
O
O
K
-
O
F
-
W
H
A
T
-
I
S
-
I
N
-
T
H
E
-
D
U
A
T
-
-
11
-
-
6
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
8
5
-
2
6
6
2
-
6
6
-
5
8
1
2
-
9
1
-
9
5
-
2
8
5
-
4
3
1
2
-
-
1+1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
6
T
H
E
-
B
O
O
K
-
O
F
-
W
H
A
T
-
I
S
-
I
N
-
T
H
E
-
D
U
A
T
-
-
2
-
-
6
-
9
-
9

 

 

BEN BEN HEARKEN ME BEN BEN ME HEARKEN BEN BEN

EVEN THE VERY STONES CRY OUT

 

 

-
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
14
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
2
5
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
14
-
2
5
14
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
2
5
5
-
2
5
5
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ONE
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
-
-
38
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
24
-
6
3+8
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+4
-
-
11
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
6
-
6
1+1
-
2
5
5
-
2
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
6
-
6

 

 

6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
14
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
2
5
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
=
5
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
14
-
2
5
14
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
2
5
5
-
2
5
5
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
24
-
6
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+4
-
-
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
2
5
5
-
2
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
6
-
6

 

 

6
B
E
N
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
14
-
-
14
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
6
B
E
N
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
2
5
-
+
=
14
1+4
=
5
=
5
=
5
6
B
E
N
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
14
2
5
14
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
2
5
5
2
5
5
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
=
6
6
B
E
N
B
E
N
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
5
5
-
5
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
6
B
E
N
B
E
N
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
24
-
6
-
-
5
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+4
-
-
6
B
E
N
B
E
N
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
6
-
6
-
2
5
5
2
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
B
E
N
B
E
N
-
-
7
-
-
6
-
6
-
6

 

 

-
11
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
1
-
6
5
-
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
14
-
19
-
15
14
-
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
-
11
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
2
5
-
-
-
2
-
-
5
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
-
2
5
-
-
2
5
-
-
-
20
-
-
5
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
11
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
14
-
2
5
14
-
19
20
15
14
5
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
-
2
5
5
-
2
5
5
-
1
2
6
5
5
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
11
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
NINE
9
-
-
-
-
-
31
11
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
14
-
-
11
-
43
-
16
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
1+4
-
-
1+1
-
4+3
-
1+6
4
2
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
4
-
-
2
-
7
-
7
3+1
1+1
2
5
5
-
2
5
5
-
1
2
6
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
2
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
4
-
-
2
-
7
-
7

 

 

11
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
5
-
1
-
6
5
-
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
14
-
-
-
14
-
19
-
15
14
-
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
11
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
2
5
-
-
-
2
-
-
5
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
2
5
-
-
2
5
-
-
-
20
-
-
5
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
11
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
14
-
2
5
14
-
19
20
15
14
5
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
2
5
5
-
2
5
5
-
1
2
6
5
5
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
11
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
11
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
14
-
-
11
-
43
-
16
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
1+4
-
-
1+1
-
4+3
-
1+6
2
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
4
-
-
2
-
7
-
7
1+1
2
5
5
-
2
5
5
-
1
2
6
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
B
E
N
-
B
E
N
-
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
4
-
-
2
-
7
-
7

 

 

11
B
E
N
B
E
N
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
1
-
6
5
-
+
=
22
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
14
-
-
14
19
-
15
14
-
+
=
76
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
11
B
E
N
B
E
N
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
2
5
-
-
2
-
-
5
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
=
3
-
2
5
-
2
5
-
-
20
-
-
5
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
11
B
E
N
B
E
N
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
14
2
5
14
19
20
15
14
5
+
=
115
1+1+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
-
2
5
5
2
5
5
1
2
6
5
5
+
=
43
4+3
=
7
=
7
=
7
11
B
E
N
B
E
N
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
=
1
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
3
=
6
=
6
-
-
5
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
11
B
E
N
B
E
N
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
14
-
-
11
-
43
-
16
-
-
5
5
-
5
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
1+4
-
-
1+1
-
4+3
-
1+6
2
B
E
N
B
E
N
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
4
-
-
2
-
7
-
7
1+1
2
5
5
2
5
5
1
2
6
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
B
E
N
B
E
N
S
T
O
N
E
-
-
4
-
-
2
-
7
-
7

 

 

THE BEN BEN STONE

Benben - Wikipedia

en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Benben
The Benben stone, named after the mound, was a sacred stone in the temple of Ra at Heliopolis (Egyptian: Annu or Iunu).
?Primeval mound · ?Historical development

In the creation myth of the Heliopolitan form of ancient Egyptian religion, Benben was the mound that arose from the primordial waters Nu upon which the creator deity Atum settled. The Benben stone (also known as a pyramidion) is the top stone of the pyramid. It is also related to the obelisk. The Benben stone, named after the mound, was a sacred stone in the temple of Ra at Heliopolis (Egyptian: Annu or Iunu). It was the location on which the first rays of the sun fell. It is thought to have been the prototype for later obelisks and the capstones of the great pyramids were based on its design. The capstone or the tip of the pyramid is also called a pyramidion. In ancient Egypt, these were probably gilded so they shone in sunlight.[citation needed]

Many Benben stones, often carved with images and inscriptions, are found in museums around the world.

The bird deity Bennu, which was probably the inspiration for the phoenix, was venerated at Heliopolis, where it was said to be living on the Benben stone or on the holy willow tree.

According to Barry Kemp, the connection between the benben, the phoenix, and the sun may well have been based on alliteration: the rising, weben, of the sun sending its rays towards the benben, on which the benu bird lives. Utterance 600, § 1652 of the Pyramid Texts speaks of Atum as you rose up, as the benben, in the Mansion of the Benu in Heliopolis.[1]
Historical development?[edit]

From the earliest times, the portrayal of Benben was stylized in two ways; the first was as a pointed, pyramidal form, which was probably the model for pyramids and obelisks. The other form was round-topped; this was probably the origin of Benben as a free standing votive object and an object of veneration.[2]

During the Fifth Dynasty, the portrayal of benben was formalized as a squat obelisk. Later, during the Middle Kingdom, this became a long, thin obelisk.

In the Amarna Period tomb of Panehesy, the benben is seen as a large, round-topped stela standing on a raised platform.[3]

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE BEN BEN STONE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
14
THE BEN BEN STONE
148
67
13
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
3
-
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
4
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
3
-
21
12
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
7
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
3
-
21
12
12
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
11
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
-
2
-
73
28
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THE BEN BEN STONE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
1
8
3
4
35
6
7
8
9
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
14
THE BEN BEN STONE
148
67
13
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+4+8
6+7
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
5
THE BEN BEN STONE
13
13
4
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
5
THE BEN BEN STONE
4
4
4
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE BEN BEN STONE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
14
THE BEN BEN STONE
148
67
13
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
B
=
2
4
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
B
=
2
7
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
11
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THE BEN BEN STONE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
1
8
3
4
35
6
7
8
9
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
14
THE BEN BEN STONE
148
67
13
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+4+8
6+7
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
5
THE BEN BEN STONE
13
13
4
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
5
THE BEN BEN STONE
4
4
4
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE BEN BEN STONE
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
14
THE BEN BEN STONE
148
67
13
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
B
=
2
4
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
B
=
2
7
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
11
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THE BEN BEN STONE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
1
8
3
4
35
6
7
8
9
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
3+5
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
14
THE BEN BEN STONE
148
67
13
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+4+8
6+7
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
5
THE BEN BEN STONE
13
13
4
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
5
THE BEN BEN STONE
4
4
4
-
1
8
3
4
8
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
THE BEN BEN STONE
-
-
-
-
1
2
5
6
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
14
THE BEN BEN STONE
148
67
13
-
1
2
5
6
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
19
10
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
1
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
4
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
7
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
11
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
5
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
6
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
8
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
9
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
14
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
O
=
6
12
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
THE BEN BEN STONE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
1
8
35
6
8
9
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
-
-
3+5
-
-
-
B
=
2
-
3
BEN
21
12
3
-
1
8
8
6
8
9
S
=
1
-
5
STONE
73
28
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
14
THE BEN BEN STONE
148
67
13
-
1
8
8
6
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
1+4+8
6+7
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
5
THE BEN BEN STONE
13
13
4
-
1
8
8
6
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
1
5
THE BEN BEN STONE
4
4
4
-
1
8
8
6
8
9

 

 

3
THE
33
15
6
9
ENNEAGRAM
78
42
6
12
First Total
111
57
12
1+2
Add to Reduce
1+1+1
5+7
1+2
3
Second Total
3
12
3
-
Reduce to Deduce
-
1+2
-
3
Essence of Number
3
3
3

 

 

-
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
-
14
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
1
7
9
1
4
+
=
32
3+2
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
1
7
18
1
13
+
=
50
5+0
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
14
14
5
1
7
18
1
13
+
=
78
7+8
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
-
5
5
5
5
1
7
9
1
4
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
5
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
19
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
26
-
-
9
-
42
-
24
1+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+6
-
-
-
-
4+2
-
2+4
10
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
8
-
-
9
-
6
-
6
1+0
-
5
5
5
5
1
4
9
1
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
8
-
-
9
-
6
-
6

 

 

9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
10
1+0
=
1
=
1
=
1
-
-
14
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
5
1
7
9
1
4
+
=
32
3+2
=
5
=
5
=
5
-
5
-
-
5
1
7
18
1
13
+
=
50
5+0
=
5
=
5
=
5
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
14
14
5
1
7
18
1
13
+
=
78
7+8
=
15
1+5
6
=
6
-
5
5
5
5
1
7
9
1
4
+
=
42
4+2
=
6
=
6
=
6
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
5
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
4
=
20
2+0
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
=
9
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
26
-
-
9
-
42
-
24
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+6
-
-
-
-
4+2
-
2+4
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
8
-
-
9
-
6
-
6
-
5
5
5
5
1
4
8
1
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
N
N
E
A
G
R
A
M
-
-
8
-
-
9
-
6
-
6

 

 

BONE NEBO

NEBO BONE

B ONE ONE B

 

 

9
11
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
9
9
81
27
9
-
9
81
27
9
9
9
81
27
5
9
1
9
9
81
27
9
5
27
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
9
9
81
27
14
9
19
9
9
81
27
9
14
27
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
9
11
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
9
9
81
27
9
-
9
81
27
9
9
9
7
5
9
81
27
9
4
1
7
27
9
1
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
9
27
16
5
27
9
81
9
22
1
7
81
27
1
+
=
52
5+2
=
7
=
7
=
7
9
11
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
9
9
81
27
9
-
9
81
27
9
9
9
16
5
14
9
19
9
22
1
7
9
14
1
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
9
27
7
5
5
9
1
9
4
1
7
9
5
1
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
9
11
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
9
9
81
27
9
9
9
81
27
9
9
27
9
81
27
9
1
9
-
1
-
-
-
1
27
9
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
2
81
27
9
81
27
9
9
27
9
81
27
9
81
27
9
2
TWO
2
9
9
81
27
9
3
81
27
9
81
27
9
9
27
9
81
27
9
81
27
9
3
THREE
3
9
9
81
27
9
81
27
27
9
81
27
9
9
4
9
81
27
27
81
27
9
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
81
81
27
5
5
-
9
9
27
9
81
-
5
81
27
9
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
6
81
27
9
81
9
9
9
27
9
81
27
27
27
27
9
6
SIX
6
9
9
81
27
9
81
27
7
9
81
9
81
9
9
81
7
9
81
27
27
9
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
8
9
81
27
9
9
81
9
9
9
81
27
27
81
27
9
8
EIGHT
8
9
9
81
27
9
9
9
81
27
9
9
9
9
81
27
9
9
27
81
27
9
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
19
11
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
27
9
26
27
9
11
9
54
9
27
1+9
1+1
81
27
9
9
9
9
81
27
9
9
27
81
27
9
2+7
27
9
1+1
9
5+4
9
2+7
10
2
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
27
9
8
27
9
2
9
9
9
9
1+0
-
7
5
5
9
1
9
4
1
7
9
5
1
27
9
9
9
9
9
9
81
27
9
1
2
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
27
9
8
27
9
2
9
9
9
9

 

 

11
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
9
9
81
27
9
-
9
81
27
9
9
81
27
5
9
1
9
9
81
27
9
5
27
+
=
29
2+9
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
9
81
27
14
9
19
9
9
81
27
9
14
27
+
=
65
6+5
=
11
1+1
2
=
2
11
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
9
9
81
27
9
-
9
81
27
9
9
7
5
9
81
27
9
4
1
7
27
9
1
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
=
7
27
16
5
27
9
81
9
22
1
7
81
27
1
+
=
52
5+2
=
7
=
7
=
7
11
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
9
9
81
27
9
-
9
81
27
9
9
16
5
14
9
19
9
22
1
7
9
14
1
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
27
7
5
5
9
1
9
4
1
7
9
5
1
+
=
54
5+4
=
9
=
9
=
9
11
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
9
9
81
27
9
9
9
81
27
9
27
9
81
27
9
1
9
-
1
-
-
-
1
27
9
1
occurs
x
3
=
3
=
3
27
27
9
81
27
9
9
4
9
81
27
27
81
27
9
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
81
27
5
5
-
9
9
27
9
81
-
5
81
27
9
5
occurs
x
3
=
15
1+5
6
27
7
9
81
9
81
9
9
81
7
9
81
27
27
9
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
9
81
27
9
9
9
9
81
27
9
9
27
81
27
9
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
11
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
27
9
26
27
9
11
9
54
9
27
1+1
81
27
9
9
9
9
81
27
9
9
27
81
27
9
2+7
27
9
1+1
9
5+4
9
2+7
2
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
27
9
8
27
9
2
9
9
9
9
-
7
5
5
9
1
9
4
1
7
9
5
1
27
9
9
9
9
9
9
81
27
9
2
P
E
N
I
S
9
V
A
G
I
N
A
27
9
8
27
9
2
9
9
9
9

 

 

5
PENIS
63
27
9
5
SPINE
63
27
9

 

 

5
PENIS
63
27
9
6
VIAGRA
58
31
4
1
R
18
9
9
1
N
14
5
5
6
VAGINA
54
27
9

 

 

6
VIAGRA
58
31
4
6
VAGINA
54
27
9
6
V-AGAIN
54
27
9

 

 

5
PENIS
63
27
9
6
VAGINA
54
27
9

 

 

5
HEADS
37
19
1
2
OR
33
15
6
5
TAILS
61
16
7
12
Add to Reduce
131
50
14
1+2
Reduce to Deduce
1+3+1
5+0
1+4
3
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

5
HEADS
37
19
1
1
I
9
9
9
3
WIN
46
19
1
5
TAILS
61
16
7
3
YOU
61
16
7
4
LOSE
51
15
6
21
First Total
265
94
31
2+1
Add to Reduce
2+6+5
9+4
3+1
3
Second Total
13
13
4
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+3
1+3
-
3
Essence of Number
4
4
4

 

 

4
KARL
42
15
6
4
MARX
56
20
2
8
First Total
98
35
8
-
Add to Reduce
9+8
3+5
-
8
Second Total
17
8
8
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+7
-
-
8
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

5
HEGEL
37
28
1

 

 

-
-
-
4
CUBA
27
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
5
FIDEL
36
27
9
C
=
3
6
CASTRO
40
22
4

 

 

-
CUBA
-
-
-
1
C
3
3
3
1
U
21
3
3
2
B+A
3
3
3
4
CUBA
27
9
9
-
-
2+7
-
-
4
CUBA
9
9
9

 

 

-
4
C
U
B
A
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
3
21
2
1
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
-
9
-
-
3
3
2
1
+
=
9
-
=
9
-
9
-
4
C
U
B
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
39
4
C
U
B
A
-
-
6
-
-
4
-
9
3+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
12
4
C
U
B
A
-
-
6
-
-
4
-
9
1+2
-
3
3
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
4
C
U
B
A
-
-
6
-
-
4
-
9

 

 

4
C
U
B
A
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
3
21
2
1
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
-
9
-
3
3
2
1
+
=
9
-
=
9
-
9
4
C
U
B
A
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
3
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
2
=
6
4
C
U
B
A
-
-
6
-
-
4
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
C
U
B
A
-
-
6
-
-
4
-
9
-
3
3
2
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
C
U
B
A
-
-
6
-
-
4
-
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
ENIGMA
-
-
-
I
=
9
5
IMAGE
35
26
8
N
=
5
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
14
6
ENIGMA
49
31
13
-
-
1+4
-
-
4+9
3+1
1+3
-
-
5
6
ENIGMA
13
4
4
-
-
=
=
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
5
6
ENIGMA
4
4
4

 

 

I
=
9
6
IMAGES
54
27
9

 

 

4
NEMO
47
20
2
4
OMEN
47
20
2

 

 

http://topical-bible-studies.org/48-0145htm

TALITHA CUMI

Matthew 9:18 While he spake these things unto them, behold, there came a certain ruler, and worshipped him, saying, My daughter is even now dead: but come and lay thy hand upon her, and she shall live.

19 And Jesus arose, and followed him, and so did his disciples.

Matthew 9:23 And when Jesus came into the ruler's house, and saw the minstrels and the people making a noise,

24 He said unto them, Give place: for the maid is not dead, but sleepeth. And they laughed him to scorn.

25 But when the people were put forth, he went in, and took her by the hand, and the maid arose.

26 And the fame hereof went abroad into all that land.

Mark 5:21 And when Jesus was passed over again by ship unto the other side, much people gathered unto him: and he was nigh unto the sea.

22 And, behold, there cometh one of the rulers of the synagogue, Jairus by name; and when he saw him, he fell at his feet,

23 And besought him greatly, saying, My little daughter lieth at the point of death: I pray thee, come and lay thy hands on her, that she may be healed; and she shall live.

24 And Jesus went with him; and much people followed him, and thronged him.

Mark 5:35 While he yet spake, there came from the ruler of the synagogue's house certain which said, Thy daughter is dead: why troublest thou the Master any further?

36 As soon as Jesus heard the word that was spoken, he saith unto the ruler of the synagogue, Be not afraid, only believe.

37 And he suffered no man to follow him, save Peter, and James, and John the brother of James.

38 And he cometh to the house of the ruler of the synagogue, and seeth the tumult, and them that wept and wailed greatly.

39 And when he was come in, he saith unto them, Why make ye this ado, and weep? the damsel is not dead, but sleepeth.

40 And they laughed him to scorn. But when he had put them all out, he taketh the father and the mother of the damsel, and them that were with him, and entereth in where the damsel was lying.

41 And he took the damsel by the hand, and said unto her, Talitha cumi; which is, being interpreted, Damsel [NKJV: Little girl], I say unto thee, arise.

42 And straightway the damsel arose, and walked; for she was of the age of twelve years. And they were astonished with a great astonishment.

43 And he charged them straitly that no man should know it; and commanded that something should be given her to eat.

Luke 8:41 And, behold, there came a man named Jairus, and he was a ruler of the synagogue: and he fell down at Jesus' feet, and besought him that he would come into his house:

42 For he had one only daughter, about twelve years of age, and she lay a dying. But as he went the people thronged him.

Luke 8:49 While he yet spake, there cometh one from the ruler of the synagogue's house, saying to him, Thy daughter is dead; trouble not the Master.

50 But when Jesus heard it, he answered him, saying, Fear not: believe only, and she shall be made whole.

51 And when he came into the house, he suffered no man to go in, save Peter, and James, and John, and the father and the mother of the maiden.

52 And all wept, and bewailed her: but he said, Weep not; she is not dead, but sleepeth.

53 And they laughed him to scorn, knowing that she was dead.

54 And he put them all out, and took her by the hand, and called, saying, Maid, arise.

55 And her spirit came again, and she arose straightway: and he commanded to give her meat.

56 And her parents were astonished: but he charged them that they should tell no man what was done.

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
TALITHA CUMI
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
7
TALITHA
71
26
8
C
=
3
-
4
CUMI
46
19
1
-
=
5
-
11
TALITHA CUMI
117
45
9
-
-
-
-
1+1
-
1+1+7
4+5
-
-
=
5
-
2
TALITHA CUMI
9
9
9

 

 

-
11
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
11
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
3
-
2
-
1
-
3
3
4
-
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
20
1
12
-
20
-
1
-
3
21
13
-
+
=
91
9+1
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
11
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
1
12
9
20
8
1
-
3
21
13
9
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
2
1
3
9
2
8
1
-
3
3
4
9
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
11
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
-
``-
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
FIVE
5
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
18
11
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
27
-
-
11
-
45
-
36
1+8
1+1
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
2+7
-
-
1+1
-
4+5
-
3+6
2
2
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
9
-
-
2
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
1
3
9
2
8
1
-
3
3
3
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
2
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
9
-
-
2
-
9
-
9

 

 

11
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
9
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
9
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
=
8
11
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
3
-
2
-
1
-
3
3
4
-
+
=
19
1+9
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
20
1
12
-
20
-
1
-
3
21
13
-
+
=
91
9+1
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
11
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
20
1
12
9
20
8
1
-
3
21
13
9
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
2
1
3
9
2
8
1
-
3
3
4
9
+
=
45
4+5
=
9
=
9
=
9
11
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
=
2
``-
2
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
3
3
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
3
=
9
=
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
11
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
27
-
-
11
-
45
-
36
1+1
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
2+7
-
-
1+1
-
4+5
-
3+6
2
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
9
-
-
2
-
9
-
9
-
2
1
3
9
2
8
1
-
3
3
3
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
T
A
L
I
T
H
A
-
C
U
M
I
-
-
9
-
-
2
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
-
5
6
5
-
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
44
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
-
9
14
-
-
14
15
14
-
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
89
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
-
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
9
14
7
-
14
15
14
-
2
5
9
14
7
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
5
6
5
-
2
5
9
5
7
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ONE
1
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
16
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
29
-
-
13
-
72
-
27
1+6
1+3
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
2+9
-
-
1+3
-
7+2
-
2+7
7
4
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
11
-
-
4
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
5
6
5
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
4
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
9
-
9

 

 

13
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
-
5
6
5
-
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
44
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
9
14
-
-
14
15
14
-
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
89
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
9
14
7
-
14
15
14
-
2
5
9
14
7
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
5
6
5
-
2
5
9
5
7
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
9
=
9
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
29
-
-
13
-
72
-
27
1+3
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
2+9
-
-
1+3
-
7+2
-
2+7
4
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
11
-
-
4
-
9
-
9
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
5
6
5
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
B
E
I
N
G
-
N
O
N
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
9
-
9

 

 

13
B
E
I
N
G
N
O
N
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
5
6
5
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
44
2+2
=
4
=
4
=
4
-
-
-
9
14
-
14
15
14
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
89
7+6
=
13
1+3
4
=
4
13
B
E
I
N
G
N
O
N
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
28
2+8
=
10
1+0
1
=
1
13
B
E
I
N
G
N
O
N
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
9
14
7
14
15
14
2
5
9
14
7
+
=
117
1+1+7
=
9
-
9
=
9
-
2
5
9
5
7
5
6
5
2
5
9
5
7
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
-
9
=
9
13
B
E
I
N
G
N
O
N
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
13
B
E
I
N
G
N
O
N
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
29
-
-
13
-
72
-
27
1+3
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
2+9
-
-
1+3
-
7+2
-
2+7
4
B
E
I
N
G
N
O
N
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
11
-
-
4
-
9
-
9
-
2
5
9
5
7
5
6
5
2
5
9
5
7
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
B
E
I
N
G
N
O
N
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
9
-
9

 

 

-
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
-
6
5
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
-
-
-
9
14
-
-
15
14
-
-
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
75
7+5
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
-
5
-
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
-
5
-
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
9
14
7
-
15
14
5
-
2
5
9
14
7
+
=
108
1+0+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
6
5
5
-
2
5
9
5
7
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
ONE
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
16
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
29
-
-
13
-
72
-
27
1+6
1+3
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
2+9
-
-
1+3
-
7+2
-
2+7
7
4
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
11
-
-
4
-
9
-
9
-
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
6
5
5
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
4
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
9
-
9

 

 

3
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
-
6
5
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
-
-
9
14
-
-
15
14
-
-
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
75
7+5
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
-
5
-
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
-
5
-
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
9
14
7
-
15
14
5
-
2
5
9
14
7
+
=
108
1+0+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
6
5
5
-
2
5
9
5
7
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
13
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
29
-
-
13
-
72
-
27
1+3
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
5
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
2+9
-
-
1+3
-
7+2
-
2+7
4
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
11
-
-
4
-
9
-
9
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
6
5
5
-
2
5
9
5
7
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
B
E
I
N
G
-
O
N
E
-
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
9
-
9

 

 

3
B
E
I
N
G
O
N
E
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
-
6
5
-
-
-
9
5
-
+
=
39
3+9
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
-
-
-
9
14
-
15
14
-
-
-
9
14
-
+
=
75
7+5
=
12
1+2
3
=
3
13
B
E
I
N
G
O
N
E
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
5
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
-
2
5
-
-
7
-
-
5
2
5
-
-
7
+
=
33
3+3
=
6
=
6
=
6
13
B
E
I
N
G
O
N
E
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
9
14
7
15
14
5
2
5
9
14
7
+
=
108
1+0+8
=
9
=
9
=
9
-
2
5
9
5
7
6
5
5
2
5
9
5
7
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
=
9
13
B
E
I
N
G
O
N
E
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
2
=
4
=
4
-
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
6
=
30
3+0
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
7
occurs
x
2
=
14
1+4
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
2
=
18
1+8
9
13
B
E
I
N
G
O
N
E
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
29
-
-
13
-
72
-
27
1+3
-
5
-
5
-
-
5
5
-
5
-
5
-
-
-
2+9
-
-
1+3
-
7+2
-
2+7
4
B
E
I
N
G
O
N
E
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
11
-
-
4
-
9
-
9
-
2
5
9
5
7
6
5
5
2
5
9
5
7
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
B
E
I
N
G
O
N
E
B
E
I
N
G
-
-
2
-
-
4
-
9
-
9

 

 

5
CAUSE
49
13
4
3
AND
19
10
1
6
EFFECT
45
27
9
14
Add to Reduce
113
50
14
1+4
Reduce to Deduce
1+1+3
5+0
1+4
5
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

4
TIME
47
20
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
TIE
34
16
7
2
ME
18
9
9
8
KANGAROO
82
37
1
4
DOWN
56
20
2
5
SPORT
88
25
7
22
First Total
278
107
26
2+2
Add to Reduce
2+7+8
1+0+7
2+6
4
Second Total
17
8
8
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+7
-
-
4
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

 

8
RADIANCE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
2
RA
19
10
1
5
DANCE
27
18
9
8
First Total
55
37
19
-
Add to Reduce
5+5
3+7
1+9
8
Second Total
10
10
10
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
4
Essence of Number
8
8
8

 

WORLD

 

-
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
15
-
-
-
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
-
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
9
3
4
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
-
-
23
-
18
12
4
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
-
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
15
18
12
4
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
-
-
5
6
9
3
4
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
-
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
3
-
3
3
-
-
1
ONE
1
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
TWO
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
---
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
---
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
7
-
-
3
-
3
3
-
-
7
SEVEN
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
EIGHT
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
18
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
27
-
-
5
-
27
1+8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+7
-
-
-
-
2+7
9
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9
-
-
5
6
9
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9

 

 

5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
+
=
6
-
=
6
=
6
-
-
15
-
-
-
+
=
15
1+5
=
6
=
6
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
9
3
4
+
=
21
2+1
=
3
=
3
-
23
-
18
12
4
+
=
57
5+7
=
12
1+2
3
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
23
15
18
12
4
+
=
72
7+2
=
9
=
9
-
5
6
9
3
4
+
=
27
2+7
=
9
=
9
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
27
-
-
5
-
27
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+7
-
-
-
-
2+7
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9
-
5
6
9
3
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
W
O
R
L
D
-
-
9
-
-
5
-
9

 

 

EARTH

 

-
--
-
--
-
EARTH
-
--
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
25
-
5
EARTH
52
25
25
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
5+2
2+5
2+5
-
-
7
-
5
EARTH
7
7
7

 

 

-
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
-
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
5
1
9
2
-
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
-
`-
5
1
18
20
-
+
=
44
4+4
=
8
=
8
-
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
`-
5
1
18
20
8
+
=
52
5+2
=
7
=
7
-
-
5
1
9
2
8
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
-
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
THREE
3
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
FOUR
4
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
SIX
6
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
SEVEN
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
20
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
25
-
-
5
-
25
2+0
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
-
2+5
2
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
5
1
9
2
8
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
2
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
7

 

EARTH HEART THERA TERAH

 

5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
8
+
=
8
-
=
8
=
8
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
5
1
9
2
-
+
=
17
1+7
=
8
=
8
`-
5
1
18
20
-
+
=
44
4+4
=
8
=
8
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
`-
5
1
18
20
8
+
=
52
5+2
=
7
=
7
-
5
1
9
2
8
+
=
25
2+5
=
7
=
7
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
occurs
x
1
=
1
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
occurs
x
1
=
5
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
25
-
-
5
-
25
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
-
2+5
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
7
-
5
1
9
2
8
-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
5
E
A
R
T
H
-
-
7
-
-
5
-
7

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
WORLD-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
1
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
2
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
L
=
3
4
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
5
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
5
WORLD
72
27
27
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
5+0
-
-
-
7+2
2+7
2+7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
WORLD
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
5
WORLD
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
--
-
--
-
EARTH
-
--
-
E
=
5
-
1
E
5
5
5
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
25
-
5
EARTH
52
25
25
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
5+2
2+5
2+5
-
-
7
-
5
EARTH
7
7
7

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
EARTH-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
2
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
25
-
5
EARTH
52
25
25
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
2+5
-
-
-
5+2
2+5
2+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
5
EARTH
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

EARTH WORLD

 

-
-
-
-
10
EARTHWORLD
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
EARTH-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
2
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
25
-
5
EARTH
52
25
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WORLD
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
6
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
8
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
L
=
3
9
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
D
=
4
10
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
27
-
5
-
72
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
EARTHWORLD
124
52
52
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
2+7
-
-
-
1+2+4
5+2
5+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
9
-
-
EARTHWORLD
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
EARTHWORLD
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
10
EARTHWORLD
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
EARTH-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
2
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
W
=
5
6
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
R
=
9
8
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
L
=
3
9
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
D
=
4
10
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
EARTHWORLD
124
52
52
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
2+7
-
-
-
1+2+4
5+2
5+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
9
-
-
EARTHWORLD
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
EARTHWORLD
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
10
EARTHWORLD
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
EARTH-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
2
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
L
=
3
9
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
7
-
-
D
=
4
10
1
D
4
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
W
=
5
6
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
7
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
R
=
9
8
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
9
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
EARTHWORLD
124
52
52
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
2+7
-
-
-
1+2+4
5+2
5+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
9
-
-
EARTHWORLD
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
EARTHWORLD
7
7
7
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

3
SUN
54
9
9
5
EARTH
52
25
7
4
MOON
57
21
3
12
First Total
163
55
19
1+2
Add to Reduce
1+6+3
5+5
6+2
3
Second Total
10
10
10
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+0
1+0
1+0
3
Essence of Number
7
7
7

 

The Four Elements of Matter: Earth, Water, Air, Fire - Learning ...

https://learning-center.homesciencetools.com › article

Science Lesson: The Four Elements in Everyday Life · First Element: Earth · Second Element: Water · Third Element: Air · Fourth Element: Fire.

What are the FOUR Elements?

Science Lesson: Earth, Water, Air, and Fire

The ancient Greeks believed that there were four elements that everything was made up of: earth, water, air, and fire. This theory was suggested around 450 BC, and it was later supported and added to by Aristotle.

(Aristotle also suggested that there was a fifth element, aether, because it seemed strange that the stars would be made out of earthly elements. He would be surprised to learn that they are in fact made up of many elements found on earth, and are so hot they could be said to be on fire all the time!)

The idea that these four elements – earth, water, air, and fire – made up all matter was the cornerstone of philosophy, science, and medicine for two thousand years (kids love to ask questions on the elements).

The elements were “pure” but could not be found in that state on earth. Every visible thing was made up of some combination of earth, water, air, and fire.

The four elements were even used to described the four temperaments a person could have, and Hippocrates used the four elements to describe the four “humors” found in the body. These theories stated that the temperaments and humors needed to be in balance with each other in order for a person to be well both mentally and physically.

While we do know now that these previous theories are false, in a way the four elements do align with the four states of matter that modern science has agreed on: solid (earth), liquid (water), gas (air), and plasma (fire).

Although the Greeks believed that the four elements were unchanging in nature, everything was made up of different elements, which were held together or pushed apart by forces of attraction and repulsion, causing substances to appear to change. This is similar to what really happens with elements and all molecules at an atomic level.

Matter is anything that has mass and volume and is made up of atoms, which are the smallest particles of matter. Bonding occurs among atoms to make larger molecules. (Click here to learn more about bonding.) Mass is how much matter is in an object whereas volume is how much space the object takes up. How atoms are arranged in an object determines whether it is a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.
•In a solid, the atoms are packed closely together in an ordered pattern and cannot move, giving a solid a definite volume and shape. Examples of solids include rocks, wood, metal, and ice.
•In a liquid, the atoms are close together but can move around each other. This allows a liquid to take the shape of whatever container it is placed in. Examples of liquids include room temperature water, room temperature mercury, and hot lava (molten rock).
•In a gas, there is more space between atoms. The atoms can move so freely that if the gas is not trapped in a container, the atoms will diffuse and spread throughout the atmosphere. Examples of gases are oxygen and nitrogen (in the air we breathe), helium, and steam (water vapor).
•In a plasma, the atoms are spaced similarly to gas except there is so much energy in a plasma, the atoms actually split into smaller pieces. Plasmas are able to carry an electrical current and generate magnetic fields. Examples of plasmas include lightning, solar wind, the sun, fluorescent lights, and neon signs.

Temperature plays an important role in how the atoms are aligned in a substance. As a general rule of thumb, the colder the matter is, the closer the atoms are to each other, and the warmer the matter is, the farther the atoms are apart. Of course, the temperature at which a matter is a solid or a liquid depends on what substance the matter is made of. For example, water at room temperature is a liquid whereas a rock at room temperature is solid.

Science Lesson: The Four Elements in Everyday Life

First Element: Earth

first element earth

The earth is full of a wide variety of rocks and minerals which provides the soil to grow vegetation and support life. The two most common elements in the earth’s crust are oxygen (46%) and silicon (28%). Because of this, the most abundant mineral in the earth’s crust is silica (silicon dioxide). More commonly known as sand, silica is a major component of glass. How can glass be made out of sand? Interestingly, when silica is heated, it melts and becomes glass, hardening as it cools.

Rich deposits of metal ores are found throughout the earth’s crust. While these metals are used in the production of machinery, tools, buildings, and weapons, straight out of the earth these metals are pretty useless. Fire is used to heat, refine, and shape metal so that machines, hammers, and support beams can be made from it.

It is easy to think of the earth as being solid dirt through and through, but in reality it is made up of several layers. While many of these layers are solid, the layer that surrounds the core is called the liquid outer core. It is so hot inside the earth that the rock at this layer has actually melted. The solid inner core is just as hot as the liquid layer surrounding it, but the pressure on the inner core is so great that scientists believe it is “pressed” into a solid.

Second Element: Water

Water has many unique properties. The chemical formula of water is H20, meaning it is made of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. The hydrogen atoms each attach to one side of the oxygen atom and have a positive charge whereas the oxygen atom has a negative charge. This polarizes the water molecule, much like a magnet, giving a water molecule positive and negative ends.

Since opposite charges attract, water molecules tend to “stick” together. This gives water surface tension and allows objects, such as paperclips, to float on it.

While it can’t dissolve everything, water is known as the universal solvent because it can dissolve more substances than any other liquid. It can dissolve salt, sugar, acids, alkalis, some gases, and organic material.

 

Water traveling through your body or through the ground takes chemicals, minerals, and nutrients with it. Water’s ability to dissolve substances helps keep the planet healthy. For more than a century, the burning of fossil fuels has pumped large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. The water in oceans have absorbed about half of this CO2 by dissolving the gas from the air and processing it by sea vegetation.

Water has a high specific heat index, meaning that it takes a lot of energy to change its temperature. This is essential for life to survive on a planet. The abundance of water on the earth keeps the planet in a very short but comfortable temperature range. The average surface temperature of the earth is 59 ° F with the highest recorded temperature 135.9 ° F and the lowest recorded temperature -128.6 ° F.

To compare, it would seem logical that Mercury, the closest planet to the sun, would stay really warm on all surfaces of the planet, regardless if it was facing the sun or not. However, while the surface facing the sun does reach very warm temperatures (up to 800 ° F), the surfacing facing away from the sun drops to a chilly -280 ° F. Mercury’s lack of water is responsible for this drastic temperature change because the dry material that makes up its surface cannot hold heat like water does.

To experience for yourself how well water does keep temperature from drastic fluctuations, pay attention to the change between daytime and nighttime temperatures the next time you visit a maritime (near the ocean) or desert climate. You’ll probably notice there is little to no temperature change near the ocean, whereas in the desert there is a significant change in daytime and nighttime temperatures.

This high specific heat index also helps water put out fire by cooling the fuel surfaces that the fire is burning, removing the heat needed for the fire to burn. Water also smothers a fire by preventing it from getting the oxygen it needs to burn.

Third Element: Air

Air was considered a “pure” element, but in fact the air that’s all around us is made up of a variety of gases: primarily nitrogen and oxygen, with almost 1% argon and even smaller amounts of carbon dioxide and other elements such as krypton and helium. The composition of air is just right for life on Earth, though.

third element air

We use a lot of the oxygen we get from the air, then breathe out carbon dioxide – which plants need to manufacture their food through photosynthesis. Plants in turn give off oxygen during photosynthesis.

Although air is invisible (and most of the time we forget it is even there), it does take up space, it has volume, and it exerts pressure. This can be seen when you take an “empty” glass, turn it upside down, and try to push it down to the bottom of a sink full of water.

(You can see how air expands when heated and shrinks when cooled with this egg-in-a-bottle project.)

If the glass was truly empty, the water would easily fill the inside of the glass. But air is in there, and only a small amount of water can enter the glass. The air in the glass was compressed, giving the water some space that was previously occupied with air.

It is a good thing that air fills empty space because air all around us actually presses down on us all the time. We would collapse under the weight of the air, except air is also inside us and exerts pressure that balances out the pressure exerted by the outside air.

Fourth Element: Fire

How does fire work? It’s closely linked to air. Fire needs three things in order to exist: oxygen, fuel, and heat.

The intensity of a fire varies because it is dependent on the oxygen, fuel, and heat available to it. When all three of these things are in a controlled situation, such as in candles or a campfire, fires are considered helpful. But when one or more of these things are not controlled, such as in a wildfire or a burning building, fires can easily become very dangerous.

To extinguish a fire, the oxygen, fuel, or heat needs to be removed. “Smothering” a fire by placing a blanket or dirt on it works because the fire goes out without oxygen. The earth provides an abundance of fuel in the form of wood and fossil fuels such as coal. When the fuel is removed, the fire has nothing left to burn and is extinguished. Water often serves as an effective cooling source by removing the heat from a fire. This is seen when hot lava from an erupting volcano enters the ocean or when a bucket of water is dumped on a campfire.

fourth element fire

Fire creates light, heat, and smoke by a rapid chemical reaction called combustion. Smoke is the result of the incomplete combustion (burning) of a fuel. Particles that were not burned become suspended in the air. Smoke is often dangerous because it contains harmful gases that can poison a person who inhales too much smoke.

You might be surprised to know that our bodies also use “combustion” to produce energy from oxygen and food through metabolic processes. We need a steady supply of oxygen to keep our bodies functioning normally; if there’s too little oxygen in the air, we’ll suffocate. At the same time, we can be thankful there’s not more oxygen in the air, or the chemical reactions in our bodies would speed up, causing us to soon “crash and burn”!

Too much oxygen in the air would also increase the risk of fires on the earth. Since nitrogen and argon are not very reactive, air is pretty safe for us.

Science Projects: Exploring The Four Elements

Make a Fire Extinguisher

In order to put out a fire, one of three things must be removed from it: heat, fuel, or oxygen. Knowing this, firefighters don’t always use water to put out a fire.

What You Need:
•Empty soda bottle
•5 tablespoons of vinegar
•1/2 tablespoon of baking soda
•Tea light candle

What You Do:

1. Light the candle.

2. Pour the vinegar into the bottle and add the baking soda. (You may want to use a funnel.) The mixture should fizz.

3. Hold the bottle sideways over the lighted candle, making sure no liquid escapes. What happens to the flame?

What Happened:

The baking soda and vinegar react to make carbon dioxide, a gas that is heavier than oxygen. As it “pours” out of the bottle, it pushes the lighter oxygen away from the candle. The fire, now deprived of oxygen, can no longer burn.

Traveling Nutrients

Water is often called the Universal Solvent because it can dissolve more substances than any other liquid, often carrying these dissolved particles with it. When water travels through soil, nutrients (food) and dissolved particles travel with the water to be deposited somewhere else. Here is an experiment to visually demonstrate how this process happens.

What You Need:
•1/2 cup dry soil
•1/2 teaspoon blue powdered tempera paint
•Funnel
•Wide-mouthed jar (that the funnel can rest in)
•Coffee filter
•Cups or containers
•Water
•Measuring cup

What You Do:

1. Mix the dry soil and tempera paint thoroughly. Place the funnel in the jar and place the coffee filter in the funnel. Pour the soil mixture into the funnel.

2. Slowly pour 1/2 cup water into the funnel, watching as the water runs out of the funnel into the jar. Notice the color of the water.

3. Remove the funnel from the jar and pour the water into a cup or container. Replace the funnel over the jar, with the coffee filter full of sand still in place.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 with a fresh 1/2 cup of water several times, saving the water in a new cup after each pouring.

What Happens:

You’ll notice that when the first half cup of water went through the soil, it came out as a very dark blue color. However, the water came out lighter with each additional cup. Eventually, the water traveling through the soil came out clear in the jar. Did you count how many half cups of water it took to make the water run clear?

The tempura paint in this experiment represents the nutrients and dissolved particles found in the soil. Water is a very efficient transporter of particles as evidenced by the color of water as it was poured through the soil. The soil started with a relatively high amount of nutrients and particles in it – the tempura paint. The water flowing through the soil was able to pick up a large proportion of the “nutrients” and carry them with it through the funnel. Each subsequent pouring of water picked up more nutrients. With each pouring, the remaining nutrients became less and less until the water ran clear and there were no more nutrients left to travel with the water.

Noteworthy Scientist: George Gabriel Stokes, 1819-1903

George Gabriel Stokes was an accomplished British mathematician in the 19th Century, but throughout his career, he emphasized the importance of experimentation and problem solving rather than focusing solely on mathematics.

By experimenting and applying mathematics to physics, Stokes came up with a law that describes the movement of a solid through a liquid or a gas. Known as Stoke’s Law, this law of viscosity established the science of hydrodynamics. Stoke’s Law explains cloud motion, wave motion, and the resistance of water to ship movement.

Most of Stoke’s work revolved around waves (sound, light, and water) and how they move through various mediums, such as water and gas. He experimented with how wind affects the intensity of a sound and how the intensity is influenced by the type of gas the sound waves travel through. He named and explained fluorescence and investigated the wave theory of light. He also worked on understanding the different colored bands that could be seen in a spectrum and made significant contributions to what we know about light and optics.

Stokes is often compared to Sir Isaac Newton because there are numerous parallels between Stoke’s life and Newton’s life: both had breakthrough discoveries, developed laws of motion, investigated light and optics, held the same prestigious Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, and served in Parliament.

Fabulous Facts

Earth

Most gemstones contain several elements. The exception? The diamond. It’s all carbon.

Which of the 50 states has never had an earthquake? North Dakota.

The Earth’s equatorial circumference (40,075 km) is greater than its polar circumference (40,008 km).

The Earth is estimated to weigh 6.6 sextillion tons, or 5.97 x 1024 kg. To compare, a million is a 1 with 6 zeros following it – a sextillion is a 1 with 21 zeros following it. (1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)

Water

An inch of rain water is equivalent to 15 inches of dry, powdery snow.

The deepest part of the ocean is 35,813 feet (10,916 meters) deep and occurs in the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. At that depth the pressure is 18,000 pounds (9172 kilograms) per square inch.

The human brain is 80% water.

Air

8-12 miles above the earth, rivers of air known as jet streams move above us. Several miles wide and 1-2 miles deep, these currents of air can have wind speeds as high as 250 miles per hour. To contrast, the strongest hurricanes have wind speeds between 150-200 miles per hour.

Fire

A bolt of lightning is about 5,000 °F (~2,800 °C).

The center of the Sun is about 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million °C).

Elements combined

When hydrogen burns in the air, water is formed.

Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere (about 49.5%).

Sound travels about 4 times faster in water than in air.

Wind and water both cause erosion to the earth, moving large amounts of sand and rock to tear down mountains and build new structures.

 

5
EARTH
52
25
7
3
AIR
28
19
1
4
FIRE
38
29
2
5
WATER
67
22
4
17
First Total
185
95
14
1+7
Add to Reduce
1+8+5
9+5
1+4
8
Second Total
14
14
5
-
Reduce to Deduce
1+4
1+4
-
8
Essence of Number
5
5
5

 

 

A
=
1
3

AIR

28
19
1
F
=
6
4

FIRE

38
29
2
E
=
5
5

EARTH

52
25
7
W
=
5
5

WATER

67
22
4
H
=
8
5

HUMAN

57
21
3
S
=
1
6

SPIRIT

91
37
1
-
-
26
28

-

333
153
18
-
-
2+6
10

-

3+3+3
1+5+3
1+8
-
-
8
1

-

9
9
9

 

 

Everything in nature is made up of five basic elements: earth, water, fire, air, and space.

SPACE THE PACES OF SPACE

 

E
=
5
-
5
EARTH
52
25
7
A
=
1
-
3
AIR
28
19
1
F
=
6
-
4
FIRE
38
29
2
W
=
5
-
5
WATER
67
22
4
-
-
17
-
17
Add
185
95
14
-
-
1+7
-
1+7
Reduce
1+8+5
9+5
1+4
-
-
8
-
8
Total
14
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
Deduce
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
8
-
8
Essence
5
5
5

 

EARTH FIRE AIR WATER

 

-
-
-
-
10
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
EARTH-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
2
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
25
-
5
EARTH
52
25
25
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
AIR
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
6
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
7
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
8
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
19
-
3
AIR
28
19
19
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
FIRE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
9
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
I
=
9
10
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
29
-
4
FIRE
38
29
29
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
WATER
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
=
5
13
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
14
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
15
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
16
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
17
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
22
-
5
WATER
67
22
22
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
95
-
17
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
185
95
14
-
3
4
3
4
20
6
7
8
54
-
-
9+5
-
1+7
-
1+8+5
9+5
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
5+4
-
-
14
-
8
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
14
14
5
-
3
4
3
4
2
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
5
5
5
-
3
4
3
4
2
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
10
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
2
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
8
-
A
=
1
6
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
I
=
9
7
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
R
=
9
8
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
F
=
6
9
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
-
-
I
=
9
10
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
W
=
5
13
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
14
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
15
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
16
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
17
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
95
-
17
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
185
95
14
-
3
4
3
4
20
6
7
8
54
-
-
9+5
-
1+7
-
1+8+5
9+5
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
5+4
-
-
14
-
8
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
14
14
5
-
3
4
3
4
2
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
5
5
5
-
3
4
3
4
2
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
10
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
2
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
6
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
14
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
15
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
W
=
5
13
1
W
23
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
16
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
3
4
5
-
7
-
-
F
=
6
9
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
3
4
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
3
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
I
=
9
7
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
R
=
9
8
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
I
=
9
10
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
R
=
9
11
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
R
=
9
17
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
95
-
17
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
185
95
14
-
3
4
3
4
20
6
7
8
54
-
-
9+5
-
1+7
-
1+8+5
9+5
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
2+0
-
-
-
5+4
-
-
14
-
8
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
14
14
5
-
3
4
3
4
2
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
1+4
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
5
5
5
-
3
4
3
4
2
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
10
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
-
-
-
-
1
2
5
6
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
2
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
6
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
14
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
15
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
1
1
E
5
5
5
-
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95
-
17
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
185
95
14
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3
4
20
6
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8
EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
14
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EARTH AIR FIRE WATER
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5
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LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 


Classical element - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Classical_element
The ancient Greek concept of four basic elements, these being earth (?? gê), water (?d?? hýdor), air (??? a?r), and fire (p?? pyr), dates from pre-Socratic ...

?Astrology and the classical · ?Air · ?Water · ?Earth

Classical elements typically refer to water, earth, fire, air, and (later) aether, which were proposed to explain the nature and complexity of all matter in terms of simpler substances.[1][2] Ancient cultures in Greece, Ancient Egypt, Persia, Babylonia, Japan, Tibet, and India had all similar lists, sometimes referring in local languages to "air" as "wind" and the fifth element as "void". The Chinese Wu Xing system lists Wood (? mù), Fire (? huo), Earth (? tu), Metal (? jin), and Water (? shui), though these are described more as energies or transitions rather than as types of material.

These different cultures and even individual philosophers had widely varying explanations concerning their attributes and how they related to observable phenomena as well as cosmology. Sometimes these theories overlapped with mythology and were personified in deities. Some of these interpretations included atomism (the idea of very small, indivisible portions of matter), but other interpretations considered the elements to be divisible into infinitely small pieces without changing their nature.

While the classification of the material world in ancient Indian, Hellenistic Egypt, and ancient Greece into Air, Earth, Fire and Water was more philosophical, during the Islamic Golden Age medieval middle eastern scientists used practical, experimental observation to classify materials.[3] In Europe, the Ancient Greek concept, devised by Empedocles, evolved into the system of Aristotle, which evolved slightly into the medieval system, which for the first time in Europe became subject to experimental verification in the 1600s, during the Scientific Revolution.

Modern science does not support the classical elements as the material basis of the physical world. Atomic theory classifies atoms into more than a hundred chemical elements such as oxygen, iron, and mercury. These elements form chemical compounds and mixtures, and under different temperatures and pressures, these substances can adopt different states of matter. The most commonly observed states of solid, liquid, gas, and plasma share many attributes with the classical elements of earth, water, air, and fire, respectively, but these states are due to similar behavior of different types of atoms at similar energy levels, and not due to containing a certain type of atom or a certain type of substance.

Ancient history?[edit]

Cosmic elements in Babylonia?[edit]

In Babylonian mythology, the cosmogony called Enûma Eliš, a text written between the 18th and 16th centuries BC, involves four gods that we might see as personified cosmic elements: sea, earth, sky, wind. In other Babylonian texts these phenomena are considered independent of their association with deities,[4] though they are not treated as the component elements of the universe, as later in Empedocles.

Greece?[edit]

Aristotelian elements and qualities

Four classical elements

Empedoclean elements

Alchemy fire symbol.svg fire · Alchemy air symbol.svg air
Alchemy water symbol.svg water · Alchemy earth symbol.svg earth

The ancient Greek concept of four basic elements, these being earth (?? gê), water (?d?? hýdor), air (??? a?r), and fire (p?? pyr), dates from pre-Socratic times and persisted throughout the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, deeply influencing European thought and culture.[5]

The four classical elements of Empedocles and Aristotle illustrated with a burning log. The log releases all four elements as it is destroyed.
The Sicilian philosopher Empedocles (ca. 450 BC) proved (at least to his satisfaction) that air was a separate substance by observing that a bucket inverted in water did not become filled with water, a pocket of air remaining trapped inside.[6] Prior to Empedocles, Greek philosophers had debated which substance was the arche ("first principle"), or primordial element from which everything else was made; Heraclitus championed fire, Thales supported water, and Anaximenes plumped for air.[7] Anaximander argued that the primordial substance was not any of the known substances, but could be transformed into them, and they into each other.[8][5] Empedocles was the first to propose four elements, fire, earth, air, and water.[9] He called them the four “roots” (????µata, rhizomata).

Plato seems to have been the first to use the term “element (st???e???, stoicheîon)” in reference to air, fire, earth, and water.[10] The ancient Greek word for element, stoicheion (from stoicheo, “to line up”) meant “smallest division (of a sun-dial), a syllable”, as the composing unit of an alphabet it could denote a letter and the smallest unit from which a word is formed.

In On the Heavens, Aristotle defines "element" in general:

An element, we take it, is a body into which other bodies may be analysed, present in them potentially or in actuality (which of these, is still disputable), and not itself divisible into bodies different in form. That, or something like it, is what all men in every case mean by element.[11]

In his On Generation and Corruption,[12][13] Aristotle related each of the four elements to two of the four sensible qualities:
Fire is both hot and dry.
Air is both hot and wet (for air is like vapor, ?tµ??).
Water is both cold and wet.
Earth is both cold and dry.

A classic diagram has one square inscribed in the other, with the corners of one being the classical elements, and the corners of the other being the properties. The opposite corner is the opposite of these properties, “hot – cold” and “dry – wet”.

Aristotle added a fifth element, aether (a???? aither), as the quintessence, reasoning that whereas fire, earth, air, and water were earthly and corruptible, since no changes had been perceived in the heavenly regions, the stars cannot be made out of any of the four elements but must be made of a different, unchangeable, heavenly substance.[14] It had previously been believed by pre-Socratics such as Empedocles and Anaxagoras that aether, the name applied to the material of heavenly bodies, was a form of fire. Aristotle himself did not use the term aether for the fifth element, and strongly criticised the pre-Socratics for associating the term with fire. He preferred a number of other terms that indicated eternal movement, thus emphasising the evidence for his discovery of a new element.[15] These five elements have been associated since Plato's Timaeus with the five platonic solids.

A text written in Egypt in Hellenistic or Roman times called the Kore Kosmou (“Virgin of the World”) ascribed to Hermes Trismegistus (associated with the Egyptian god Thoth), names the four elements fire, water, air, and earth. As described in this book:

And Isis answer made: Of living things, my son, some are made friends with fire, and some with water, some with air, and some with earth, and some with two or three of these, and some with all. And, on the contrary, again some are made enemies of fire, and some of water, some of earth, and some of air, and some of two of them, and some of three, and some of all. For instance, son, the locust and all flies flee fire; the eagle and the hawk and all high-flying birds flee water; fish, air and earth; the snake avoids the open air. Whereas snakes and all creeping things love earth; all swimming things love water; winged things, air, of which they are the citizens; while those that fly still higher love the fire and have the habitat near it. Not that some of the animals as well do not love fire; for instance salamanders, for they even have their homes in it. It is because one or another of the elements doth form their bodies’ outer envelope. Each soul, accordingly, while it is in its body is weighted and constricted by these four.

According to Galen, these elements were used by Hippocrates in describing the human body with an association with the four humours: yellow bile (fire), black bile (earth), blood (air), and phlegm (water). Medical care was primarily about helping the patient stay in or return to his/her own personal natural balanced state.[16]

The Neoplatonic philosopher Proclus rejected Aristotle's theory relating the elements to the sensible qualities hot, cold, wet, and dry. He maintained that each of the elements has three properties. Fire is sharp, subtle, and mobile while its opposite, earth, is blunt, dense, and immobile; they are joined by the intermediate elements, air and water, in the following fashion:[17]

Fire
Sharp Subtle Mobile

Air
Blunt Subtle Mobile

Water
Blunt Dense Mobile

Earth
Blunt Dense Immobile

Persia?[edit]

The Persian philosopher Zoroaster, perhaps 7th-century BC, described the four elements of earth, water, air and fire as “sacred,” i.e., “essential for the survival of all living beings and therefore should be venerated and kept free from any contamination”.[18]

China?[edit]

Main article: Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)

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The Chinese had a somewhat different series of elements, namely Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal (literally gold) and Water, which were understood as different types of energy in a state of constant interaction and flux with one another, rather than the Western notion of different kinds of material. Historians of science have noted a fundamental difference between Greek element theories and Chinese matter theories.[19]

Diagram of the interactions between the wuxing. The "generative" cycle is illustrated by grey arrows running clockwise on the outside of the circle, while the "overcoming" or "destructive" cycle is represented by red arrows inside the circle.
Although it is usually translated as “element”, the Chinese word xing literally means something like “changing states of being”, “permutations” or “metamorphoses of being”.[20] In fact Sinologists cannot agree on any single translation. The Chinese elements were seen as ever changing and moving – one translation of wu xing is simply “the five changes”.

The Wu Xing are chiefly an ancient mnemonic device for systems with five stages; hence the preferred translation of “movements”, “phases” or “steps” over “elements.”

In the bagua, metal is associated with the divination figure ? Duì (?, the lake or marsh: ?/? zé) and with ? Qián (?, the sky or heavens: ? tian). Wood is associated with ? Xùn (?, the wind: ?/? feng) and with ? Zhèn (?, the arousing/thunder: ? léi). In view of the durability of meteoric iron, metal came to be associated with the aether, which is sometimes conflated with Stoic pneuma, as both terms originally referred to air (the former being higher, brighter, more fiery or celestial and the latter being merely warmer, and thus vital or biogenetic). In Taoism, qi functions similarly to pneuma in a prime matter (a basic principle of energetic transformation) that accounts for both biological and inanimate phenomena.

In Chinese philosophy the universe consists of heaven and earth. The five major planets are associated with and even named after the elements: Jupiter ?? is Wood (?), Mars ?? is Fire (?), Saturn ?? is Earth (?), Venus ?? is Metal (?), and Mercury ?? is Water (?). Also, the Moon represents Yin (?), and the Sun ?? represents Yang (?). Yin, Yang, and the five elements are associated with themes in the I Ching, the oldest of Chinese classical texts which describes an ancient system of cosmology and philosophy. The five elements also play an important part in Chinese astrology and the Chinese form of geomancy known as Feng shui.

The doctrine of five phases describes two cycles of balance, a generating or creation (?, sheng) cycle and an overcoming or destruction (?/?, kè) cycle of interactions between the phases.

Generating
Wood feeds fire;
Fire creates earth (ash);
Earth bears metal;
Metal collects water;
Water nourishes wood.

Overcoming
Wood parts earth;
Earth absorbs water;
Water quenches fire;
Fire melts metal;
Metal chops wood.

There are also two cycles of imbalance, an overacting cycle (?,cheng) and an insulting cycle (?,wu).

India?[edit]

Hinduism?[edit]

Main articles: Mahabhuta § Hinduism, and Pancha Bhoota

The system of five elements are found in Vedas, especially Ayurveda, the pancha mahabhuta, or “five great elements”, of Hinduism are:
1.bhumi or p?thvi (earth),[21]
2.apas or jala (water),
3.agní or tejas (fire),
4.vayu, vyana, or vata (air or wind)
5.akasa, vyom, or sunya (space or zero) or (aether or void).[22]

They further suggest that all of creation, including the human body, is made up of these five essential elements and that upon death, the human body dissolves into these five elements of nature, thereby balancing the cycle of nature.[23]

The five elements are associated with the five senses, and act as the gross medium for the experience of sensations. The basest element, earth, created using all the other elements, can be perceived by all five senses — (i) hearing, (ii) touch, (iii) sight, (iv) taste, and (v) smell. The next higher element, water, has no odor but can be heard, felt, seen and tasted. Next comes fire, which can be heard, felt and seen. Air can be heard and felt. “Akasha” (aether) is beyond the senses of smell, taste, sight, and touch; it being accessible to the sense of hearing alone.[24][25][26]

Buddhism?[edit]

Main article: Mahabhuta

In the Pali literature, the mahabhuta (“great elements”) or catudhatu (“four elements”) are earth, water, fire and air. In early Buddhism, the four elements are a basis for understanding suffering and for liberating oneself from suffering. The earliest Buddhist texts explain that the four primary material elements are solidity, fluidity, temperature, and mobility, characterized as earth, water, fire, and air, respectively.[27]

The Buddha’s teaching regarding the four elements is to be understood as the base of all observation of real sensations rather than as a philosophy. The four properties are cohesion (water), solidity or inertia (earth), expansion or vibration (air) and heat or energy content (fire). He promulgated a categorization of mind and matter as composed of eight types of “kalapas” of which the four elements are primary and a secondary group of four are color, smell, taste, and nutriment which are derivative from the four primaries.[28][29]

Thanissaro Bhikkhu (1997) renders an extract of Shakyamuni Buddha’s from Pali into English thus:

Just as a skilled butcher or his apprentice, having killed a cow, would sit at a crossroads cutting it up into pieces, the monk contemplates this very body — however it stands, however it is disposed — in terms of properties: ‘In this body there is the earth property, the liquid property, the fire property, & the wind property.’[30]

Tibetan Buddhist medical literature speaks of the Panch Mahabhuta (five elements).[31]

Tibet?[edit]

In Bön or ancient Tibetan philosophy, the five elemental processes of earth, water, fire, air and space are the essential materials of all existent phenomena or aggregates. The elemental processes form the basis of the calendar, astrology, medicine, psychology and are the foundation of the spiritual traditions of shamanism, tantra and Dzogchen.

Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche states that

physical properties are assigned to the elements: earth is solidity; water is cohesion; fire is temperature; air is motion; and space is the spatial dimension that accommodates the other four active elements. In addition, the elements are correlated to different emotions, temperaments, directions, colors, tastes, body types, illnesses, thinking styles, and character. From the five elements arise the five senses and the five fields of sensory experience; the five negative emotions and the five wisdoms; and the five extensions of the body. They are the five primary pranas or vital energies. They are the constituents of every physical, sensual, mental, and spiritual phenomenon.[32]

The names of the elements are analogous to categorised experiential sensations of the natural world. The names are symbolic and key to their inherent qualities and/or modes of action by analogy. In Bön the elemental processes are fundamental metaphors for working with external, internal and secret energetic forces. All five elemental processes in their essential purity are inherent in the mindstream and link the trikaya and are aspects of primordial energy. As Herbert V. Günther states:

Thus, bearing in mind that thought struggles incessantly against the treachery of language and that what we observe and describe is the observer himself, we may nonetheless proceed to investigate the successive phases in our becoming human beings. Throughout these phases, the experience (das Erlebnis) of ourselves as an intensity (imaged and felt as a “god”, lha) setting up its own spatiality (imaged and felt as a “house” khang) is present in various intensities of illumination that occur within ourselves as a “temple.” A corollary of this Erlebnis is its light character manifesting itself in various “frequencies” or colors. This is to say, since we are beings of light we display this light in a multiplicity of nuances.[33]

In the above block quote the trikaya is encoded as: dharmakaya “god”; sambhogakaya “temple” and nirmanakaya “house”.

Post-classical history?[edit]

Alchemy?[edit]

Seventeenth century alchemical emblem showing the four Classical elements in the corners of the image, alongside the tria prima on the central triangle
The elemental system used in Medieval alchemy was developed primarily by the Arab alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan (Geber).[34] His system consisted of the four classical elements of air, earth, fire, and water, in addition to two philosophical elements: sulphur, characterizing the principle of combustibility, "the stone which burns"; and mercury, characterizing the principle of metallic properties. They were seen by early alchemists as idealized expressions of irreducible components of the universe[35] and are of larger consideration within philosophical alchemy.

The three metallic principles—sulphur to flammability or combustion, mercury to volatility and stability, and salt to solidity—became the tria prima of the Swiss alchemist Paracelsus. He reasoned that Aristotle's four element theory appeared in bodies as three principles. Paracelsus saw these principles as fundamental and justified them by recourse to the description of how wood burns in fire. Mercury included the cohesive principle, so that when it left in smoke the wood fell apart. Smoke described the volatility (the mercurial principle), the heat-giving flames described flammability (sulphur), and the remnant ash described solidity (salt).[36]

Islamic?[edit]

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This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2016)

The Islamic philosophers al-Kindi, Avicenna and Fakhr al-Din al-Razi connected the four elements with the four natures heat and cold (the active force), and dryness and moisture (the recipients).[37]

Japan?[edit]

Main article: Godai (Japanese philosophy)

Japanese traditions use a set of elements called the ?? (godai, literally "five great"). These five are earth, water, fire, wind/air, and void. These came from Indian Vastu shastra philosophy and Buddhist beliefs; in addition, the classical Chinese elements (??, wu xing) are also prominent in Japanese culture, especially to the influential Neo-Confucianists during the medieval Edo period.
Earth represented things that were solid.
Water represented things that were liquid.
Fire represented things that destroy.
Wind represented things that moved.
Void or Sky/Heaven represented things not of our everyday life.

Modern history ?[edit]

Artus Wolffort, The Four Elements, before 1641
Chemical element?[edit]

See also: Chemical element § History

The Aristotelian tradition and medieval alchemy eventually gave rise to modern chemistry, scientific theories and new taxonomies. By the time of Antoine Lavoisier, for example, a list of elements would no longer refer to classical elements.[38] Some modern scientists see a parallel between the classical elements and the four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas and weakly ionized plasma.[39]

Modern science recognizes classes of elementary particles which have no substructure (or rather, particles that are not made of other particles)and composite particles having substructure (particles made of other particles).

Western astrology?[edit]

Main article: Astrology and the classical elements

Western astrology uses the four classical elements in connection with astrological charts and horoscopes. The twelve signs of the zodiac are divided into the four elements: Fire signs are Aries, Leo and Sagittarius, Earth signs are Taurus, Virgo and Capricorn, Air signs are Gemini, Libra and Aquarius, and Water signs are Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces.[40]

Criticism?[edit]

The Dutch historian of science Eduard Jan Dijksterhuis writes that the theory of the classical elements "was bound to exercise a really harmful influence. As is now clear, Aristotle, by adopting this theory as the basis of his interpretation of nature and by never losing faith in it, took a course which promised few opportunities and many dangers for science."[41] Bertrand Russell says that Aristotle's thinking became imbued with almost biblical authority in later centuries. So much so that "Ever since the beginning of the seventeenth century, almost every serious intellectual advance has had to begin with an attack on some Aristotelian doctrine".[42]

In popular culture?[edit]

Main article: Classical elements in popular culture

See also?[edit]
Elemental (Renaissance alchemy)
First principle (Pre-Socratic arche and Aristotelian substratum)
First principle (Chinese qì and Japanese ki)
First principle (Prima materia in Alchemy)
Periodic table of the elements (Modern science)
Phlogiston theory (History of science)
Sulfur-mercury theory of metals

 

I SAY HAVE I MENTIONED GODS DIVINE THOUGHT

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HAVE I MENTIONED THAT YET

 

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63
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First Total
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Add to Reduce
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Second Total
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Essence of Number
9
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3
-
-
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
12
4
THAT
49
13
4
-
1
2
3
4
-
6
7
8
-
Y
=
7
13
3
YET
50
14
5
-
1
2
3
-
5
6
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
74
-
56
First Total
648
288
108
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
99
-
-
7+4
-
5+6
Add to Reduce
6+4+8
2+8+8
1+0+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9+9
-
-
11
-
11
Second Total
18
18
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
1+1
-
1+1
Reduce to Deduce
1+8
1+8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
2
-
2
Essence of Number
9
9
9
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

LOGARITHM


Logarithm - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Logarithm

In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse function to exponentiation. That means the logarithm of a given number x is the exponent to which another fixed ...
Logarithmic scale · ?Natural logarithm · ?Common logarithm · ?Binary logarithm

 

Introduction to Logarithms - Math is Fun
www.mathsisfun.com › algebra › logarithms
Introduction to Logarithms. In its simplest form, a logarithm answers the question: How many of one number do we multiply to get another number?

?Working with Exponents · ?Logarithms Can Have Decimals · ?Exponents, Roots

 

-
-
-
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
LOGARITHM
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
49
-
9
LOGARITHM
103
49
49
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+9
-
1+0
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
13
-
9
LOGARITHM
4
13
13
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
9
LOGARITHM
4
4
4
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
10
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
LOGARITHM
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
49
-
10
LOGARITHM
103
49
49
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+9
-
1+0
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
13
-
1
LOGARITHM
4
13
13
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
LOGARITHM
4
4
4
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

LOGARITHM

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
10
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
LOGARITHM
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
49
-
10
LOGARITHM
103
49
49
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+9
-
1+0
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
13
-
1
LOGARITHM
4
13
13
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
LOGARITHM
4
4
4
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

MINUS 5

 

LOGARITHM

ALGORITHM

 

A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
5
A
=
1
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHM
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
49
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
13
-
9
ALGORITHM
4
13
13
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
4
-
9
ALGORITHM
4
4
4

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHM
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
49
-
10
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+9
-
1+0
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
13
-
1
ALGORITHM
4
13
13
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
ALGORITHM
4
4
4
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

ALGORITHM

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL MORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHM
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
49
-
10
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+9
-
1+0
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
13
-
1
ALGORITHM
4
13
13
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
1+0
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
ALGORITHM
4
4
4
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

MINUS THE 5

 

-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHM
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
49
-
10
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
4+9
-
1+0
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
13
-
1
ALGORITHM
4
13
13
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
1+0
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
ALGORITHM
4
4
4
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

Algorithm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for calculations. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and ...

 

A
=
1
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
4
A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
A
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
-
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
-
-
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
1
M+S
32
14
5
A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
50
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+9
5+0
A
=
1
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
14
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
A
=
1
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5

 

 

-
10
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
9
-
8
-
1
+
=
24
2+4
=
6
=
6
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
9
-
8
-
19
+
=
51
5+1
=
6
=
6
-
10
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
3
7
-
9
-
2
-
4
-
+
=
26
2+6
=
8
=
8
-
-
1
12
7
-
18
-
20
-
13
-
+
=
71
7+1
=
8
=
8
-
10
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
12
7
15
18
9
20
8
13
19
+
=
122
1+2+2
=
5
1+0
5
-
-
1
3
7
6
9
9
2
8
4
1
+
=
50
5+0
=
5
1+0
5
-
10
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
1
occurs
x
2
=
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2
occurs
x
1
=
2
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
occurs
x
1
=
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
4
occurs
x
1
=
4
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
FIVE
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
occurs
x
1
=
6
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
occurs
x
1
=
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
-
8
occurs
x
1
=
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
occurs
x
1
=
9
5
10
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
-
-
40
-
-
10
-
41
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
4+0
-
-
1+0
-
4+1
5
1
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
-
-
4
-
-
1
-
5
-
-
1
3
7
6
9
9
2
8
4
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
1
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
-
-
4
-
-
1
-
5

 

 

A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
5
A
=
1
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHM
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
49
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
13
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
13
13
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
4
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
4
4

 

 

A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
5
A
=
1
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHM
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
5
-
5
-
-
5
-
-
5
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
49
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
13
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
13
13
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
4
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
4
4

 

 

A
=
1
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
59
5
A
=
1
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHM
-
-
-
A
=
1
-
1
A
1
1
1
L
=
3
-
1
L
12
3
3
G
=
7
-
1
G
7
7
7
O
=
6
-
1
O
15
6
6
R
=
9
-
1
R
18
9
9
I
=
9
-
1
I
9
9
9
T
=
2
-
1
T
20
2
2
H
=
8
-
1
H
8
8
8
M
=
4
-
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
49
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
49
49
-
-
4+9
-
-
-
1+0+3
4+9
4+9
-
-
13
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
13
13
-
-
1+3
-
-
-
-
1+3
1+3
-
-
4
-
9
ALGORITHM
103
4
4

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBERS REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
5
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
5
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
ALGORITHMS
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
1
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S
=
1
10
1
S
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
7
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
2
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
9
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
3
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
8
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
5
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
50
-
10
ALGORITHMS
122
50
50
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
18
-
-
5+0
-
1+0
-
1+2+2
5+5
5+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+8
-
-
5
-
1
ALGORITHMS
5
5
5
-
2
2
3
4
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
8
BECOMING
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
1
1
B
2
2
2
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
3
1
C
3
3
3
-
1
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
M
=
4
5
1
M
13
4
4
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
G
=
7
8
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
41
-
8
BECOMING
68
41
41
-
1
2
3
4
10
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+1
-
-
-
6+8
4+1
4+1
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
BECOMING
14
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
BECOMING
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
8
BECOMING
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
1
1
B
2
2
2
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
C
=
3
3
1
C
3
3
3
-
1
-
3
-
-
-
-
8
-
M
=
4
5
1
M
13
4
4
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
8
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
8
-
G
=
7
8
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
8
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
41
-
8
BECOMING
68
41
41
-
1
2
3
4
10
6
7
8
9
-
-
4+1
-
-
-
6+8
4+1
4+1
-
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
BECOMING
14
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
BECOMING
5
5
5
-
1
2
3
4
1
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
8
BECOMING
-
-
-
-
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
1
1
B
2
2
2
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
3
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
5
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
G
=
7
8
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
41
-
8
BECOMING
68
41
41
-
2
3
4
10
6
7
9
-
-
4+1
-
-
-
6+8
4+1
4+1
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
BECOMING
14
5
5
-
2
3
4
1
6
7
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
1+4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
8
BECOMING
5
5
5
-
2
3
4
1
6
7
9

 

THE

BECOMING

 

-
-
-
-
11
THE BECOMING
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
THE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
5
THE
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5
BECOMING
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
1
1
B
2
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
3
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
5
1
M
13
4
4
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
8
1
G
7
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
41
-
5
BECOMING
68
41
41
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
56
-
11
THE BECOMING
101
56
56
-
1
4
3
4
15
6
7
8
9
-
-
5+6
-
1+1
-
1+0+1
5+6
5+6
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
11
THE BECOMING
2
11
11
-
1
4
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
11
THE BECOMING
2
2
2
-
1
4
3
4
6
6
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
11
THE BECOMING
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
1
1
B
2
2
2
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
3
1
C
3
3
3
-
1
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
M
=
4
5
1
M
13
4
4
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
G
=
7
8
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
56
-
11
THE BECOMING
101
56
56
-
1
4
3
4
15
6
7
8
9
-
-
5+6
-
1+1
-
1+0+1
5+6
5+6
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
11
THE BECOMING
2
11
11
-
1
4
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
11
THE BECOMING
2
2
2
-
1
4
3
4
6
6
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED IN NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
11
THE BECOMING
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
4
1
T
20
2
2
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B
=
2
1
1
B
2
2
2
-
1
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
3
1
C
3
3
3
-
1
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
M
=
4
5
1
M
13
4
4
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
2
1
E
5
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
7
1
N
14
5
5
-
1
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
4
1
O
15
6
6
-
1
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
G
=
7
8
1
G
7
7
7
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
5
1
H
8
8
8
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
I
=
9
6
1
I
9
9
9
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
56
-
11
THE BECOMING
101
56
56
-
1
4
3
4
15
6
7
8
9
-
-
5+6
-
1+1
-
1+0+1
5+6
5+6
-
-
-
-
-
1+5
-
-
-
-
-
-
11
-
11
THE BECOMING
2
11
11
-
1
4
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
-
-
1+1
-
-
-
-
1+1
1+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
11
THE BECOMING
2
2
2
-
1
4
3
4
6
6
7
8
9

 

 

THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER

 

-
CODE
-
-
-
2
CO
18
9
9
2
DE
9
9
9
4
CODE
27
18
18
-
-
2+7
1+8
1+8
4
CODE
9
9
9

 

HAMLET'S MILL

AN ESSAY INVESTIGATING THE ORIGINS OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE

AND ITS TRANSMISSION THROUGH MYTH

Giorgio De Santillana and Hertha Von Dechend 1969

Page 162

"Finally, there is one remarkable and disturbing coincidence from the same direction. It is known that in the final battle of the gods, the massed legions on the side of "order" are the dead warriors, the "Einherier" who once fell in combat on earth and who have been transferred by the Valkyries to reside with Odin in Valhalla-a theme much rehearsed in heroic poetry. On the last day, they issue forth to battle in martial array. Says the Grimnismal (23): "Five hundred gates and forty more-are in the mighty building of Wal­halla-eight hundred 'Einherier' come out of each one gate-on the time they go out on defence against the Wolf."
That makes 432,000 in all, a number of significance from of old.
This number must have had a very ancient meaning, for it is also the number of syllables in the Rigveda. But it goes back to the basic figure 10,800, the number of stanzas in the Rigveda (40 syllables to a stanza) which, together with 108, occurs insistently in Indian tradition. 10,800 is also the number which has been given by Heraclitus for the duration of the Aion, according to Censorinus (De die natali 18), whereas Berossos made the Babylonian Great Year to last 432,000 years. Again, 10,800 is the number of bricks of the Indian fire-altar (Agnicayana). 32
"To quibble away such a coincidence," remarks Schroder, "or to ascribe it to chance, is in my opinion to drive skepticism beyond its limits."33 Shall one add Angkor to the list? It has five gates, and to each of them leads a road, bridging over that water ditch which surrounds the whole place. Each of these roads is bordered by a row of huge stone figures, 108 per avenue, 54 on each side, altogether 540 statues of Deva and Asura, and each row carries a huge Naga / Page 163 / serpent with nine heads. Only, they do not "carry" that serpent, they are shown to "pull" it, which indicates that these 540 statues are churning the Milky Ocean, represented (poorly, indeed) by the water ditch,34 using Mount Mandara as a churning staff, and Vasuki, the prince of the Nagas, as their drilling rope. (Just to prevent misunderstanding: Vasuki had been asked before, and had agreeably consented, and so had Vishnu's tortoise avatar, who was going to serve as the fixed base for that "incomparably mighty churn," and even the Milky Ocean itself had made it clear that it was willing to be churned.) The whole of Angkor thus turns out to be a colossal model set up for "alternative motion" with true Hindu fantasy and incongruousness to counter the idea of a continuous one-way Precession from west to east."

 

www.bibliotecapleyades.net/hamlets_mill/hamlet

HAMLET'S MILL

AN ESSAY INVESTIGATING THE ORIGINS OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE

AND ITS TRANSMISSION THROUGH MYTH

Giorgio De Santillana and Hertha Von Dechend 1969

CHAPTER X

The Twilight of the Gods

 

"Egyptian Book of the Dead, Osiris speaking:

 

"Hail, Thot! What is it that hath happened to the divine children of Nut? They have done battle, they have upheld strife, they have made slaughter, they have caused trouble: in truth, in all their doing the mighty have worked against the weak. Grant, O might of Thot, that that which the God Atum hath decreed (may be accomplished)! And thou regardest not evil nor art thou provoked to anger when they bring their years to confusion and throng in and push to disturb their months; for in all that they have done unto thee, they have worked iniquity in secret!" [n1 Chapter 175, 1-8, W. Budge trans. The italics are ours.].

 

Thot is the god of science and wisdom; as for Atum, he precedes, so to speak, the divine hierarchy."

 

 

 

The fateful encounter hypothesis which is what is most commonly accepted is that it was solely by chance that a single mitochondria was taken up by a single ancient bacterial cell that then divided together to give each daughter cell a mitochondria of its own.27 Oct 2014

 

 

 

-
-
-
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
-
-
-
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
F
=
6
-
7
FATEFUL
71
26
8
E
=
5
-
9
ENCOUNTER
115
43
7
-
-
13
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
219
84
21
-
-
1+3
-
1+9
-
2+1+9
8+4
2+1
-
-
4
-
10
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
12
12
3
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
4
-
1
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
3
3
3

 

 

-
-
-
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
7
FATEFUL
71
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENCOUNTER
115
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
219
84
21
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
-
3
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
33
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
4
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
8
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
9
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
10
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25
-
7
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
71
26
26
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
14
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
O
=
6
15
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
-
U
=
3
16
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
N
=
5
17
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
18
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
-
R
=
9
20
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
49
-
9
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
115
43
43
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
-
-
-
-
1
6
12
4
30
18
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
1+2
-
3+0
1+8
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
7
FATEFUL
71
26
8
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
9
ENCOUNTER
115
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
219
84
21
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
1+9
-
2+1+9
8+4
2+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
10
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
12
12
3
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
3
3
3
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
7
FATEFUL
71
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENCOUNTER
115
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
219
84
21
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
8
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
F
=
6
4
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
F
=
6
8
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
U
=
3
9
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
L
=
3
10
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
C
=
3
14
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
O
=
6
15
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
U
=
3
16
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
17
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
18
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
R
=
9
20
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
-
-
-
-
1
6
12
4
30
18
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
1+2
-
3+0
1+8
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
7
FATEFUL
71
26
8
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
9
ENCOUNTER
115
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
219
84
21
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
1+9
-
2+1+9
8+4
2+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
10
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
12
12
3
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
3
3
3
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9

 

LETTERS TRANSPOSED INTO NUMBER REARRANGED INTO NUMERICAL ORDER

 

-
-
-
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
7
FATEFUL
71
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENCOUNTER
115
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
219
84
21
-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
T
=
2
18
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
4
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
9
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
L
=
3
10
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
C
=
3
14
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
U
=
3
16
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
4
-
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
N
=
5
17
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
4
5
-
7
-
-
F
=
6
4
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
F
=
6
8
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
O
=
6
15
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
4
-
6
7
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
8
-
R
=
9
20
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
7
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
-
-
-
-
1
6
12
4
30
18
7
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
1+2
-
3+0
1+8
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
7
FATEFUL
71
26
8
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9
E
=
5
-
9
ENCOUNTER
115
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
219
84
21
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
1+9
-
2+1+9
8+4
2+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
10
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
12
12
3
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
3
3
3
-
1
6
3
4
3
9
7
8
9

 

 

-
-
-
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
-
-
-
-
1
2
3
5
6
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
F
=
6
-
7
FATEFUL
71
26
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
-
9
ENCOUNTER
115
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
219
84
21
-
1
2
3
5
6
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
A
=
1
5
1
A
1
1
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
6
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
T
=
2
18
1
T
20
2
2
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
9
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
L
=
3
10
1
L
12
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
C
=
3
14
1
C
3
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
U
=
3
16
1
U
21
3
3
-
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
E
=
5
3
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
12
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
13
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
N
=
5
17
1
N
14
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
E
=
5
7
1
E
5
5
5
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
-
F
=
6
4
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
F
=
6
8
1
F
6
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
O
=
6
15
1
O
15
6
6
-
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
H
=
8
2
1
H
8
8
8
-
-
-
-
-
-
8
-
R
=
9
20
1
R
18
9
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
-
-
-
-
1
6
12
30
18
8
9
T
=
2
-
3
THE
33
15
6
-
-
-
1+2
3+0
1+8
-
-
F
=
6
-
7
FATEFUL
71
26
8
-
1
6
3
3
9
8
9
E
=
5
-
9
ENCOUNTER
115
43
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
13
-
19
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
219
84
21
-
1
6
3
3
9
8
9
-
-
1+3
-
1+9
-
2+1+9
8+4
2+1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
10
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
12
12
3
-
1
6
3
3
9
8
9
-
-
-
-
1+0
-
1+2
1+2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
1
THE FATEFUL ENCOUNTER
3
3
3
-
1
6
3
3
9
8
9

 


What is the Fateful encounter hypothesis? - Quora

The fateful encounter is an earlier more arbitrary term of what biologist now calls the Microbial Eve or the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA).
2 answers · Top answer: If refer to the chance event that led to ‘start of evolution’.

 

The fateful encounter of mitochondria with calcium - PubMed
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › ...

by E Carafoli · 2010 · Cited by 117 — The fateful encounter of mitochondria with calcium: how did it happen? Biochim Biophys Acta. Jun-Jul 2010;1797(6-7):595-606. doi: ...

 

Fateful encounter definition and meaning - Collins Dictionary
https://www.collinsdictionary.com › dictionary › english

Fateful encounter definition: An encounter with someone is a meeting with them, particularly one that is unexpected or... | Meaning, pronunciation ...

However, the 'fateful encounter' needed to create intelligent life from two simple life forms vastly reduces the odds of any extraterrestrial squeezing its way through this evolutionary bottleneck.
Times, Sunday Times

fateful encounter
encounter an obstacle
encounter frequently
encounter opposition
encounter resistance
face-to-face encounter
fateful encounter
memorable encounter
personal encounter
random encounter
romantic encounter
strange encounter
subsequent encounter
survive an encounter
unexpected encounter

 

 

 

 

 
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